Gibraltar Territory History and Facts

Gibraltar is a British overseas territory that is located to the south of Spain on the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. Gibraltar is a peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea with an area of just 2.6 square miles (6.8 sq km) and throughout its history, the Strait of Gibraltar (the narrow strip of water between it and Morocco) has been an important chokepoint. This is because the narrow channel is easy to cut off from other areas thereby having the ability to choke off transit in times of conflict. Because of this, there have often been disagreements about who controls Gibraltar. The United Kingdom has controlled the area since 1713 but Spain also claims sovereignty over the area. 10 Geographic Facts You Should Know About Gibraltar Archaeological evidence shows that Neanderthal humans may have inhabited Gibraltar as early as 128,000 and 24,000 B.C.E. In terms of its modern recorded history, Gibraltar was first inhabited by the Phoenicians around 950 B.C.E. The Carthaginians and Romans also established settlements in the area and after the fall of the Roman Empire, it was controlled by the Vandals. In 711 C.E. the Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula began and Gibraltar became controlled by the Moors.Gibraltar was controlled by the Moors until 1462 when the Duke of Medina Sidonia took over the region during the Spanish Reconquista. Shortly after this time, King Henry IV became King of Gibraltar and made it a city within the Campo Llano de Gibraltar. In 1474 it was sold to a Jewish group that built a fort in the town and stayed until 1476. At that time they were forced out of the region during the Spanish Inquisition and in 1501 it fell under Spains control.In 1704, Gibraltar was taken over by a British-Dutc h force during the War of Spanish Succession and in 1713 it was ceded to Great Britain with the Treaty of Utrecht. From 1779 to 1783 attempted to take Gibraltar back during the Great Siege of Gibraltar. It failed and Gibraltar eventually became an important base for the British Royal Navy in conflicts like the Battle of Trafalgar, the Crimean War, and World War II.In the 1950s Spain again began trying to claim Gibraltar and movement between that region and Spain was restricted. In 1967 the citizens of Gibraltar passed a referendum to remain a part of the United Kingdom and as a result, Spain closed off its border with the region and ended all foreign relationships with Gibraltar. In 1985, however, Spain reopened its borders to Gibraltar. In 2002 a referendum was held to establish shared control of Gibraltar between Spain and the UK but Gibraltars citizens rejected it and the area remains a British overseas territory to this day.Today Gibraltar is a self-governing territory of the Un ited Kingdom and as such its citizens are considered British citizens. Gibraltars government, however, is democratic and separate from that of the UK. Queen Elizabeth II is the chief of state of Gibraltar, but it has its own chief minister as head of government, as well as its own unicameral Parliament and Supreme Court and Court of Appeal.Gibraltar has a total population of 28,750 people and with an area of 2.25 square miles (5.8 sq km) it is one of the most densely populated territories in the world. The population density of Gibraltar is 12,777 people per square mile or 4,957 people per square kilometer.Despite its small size, Gibraltar has a strong, independent economy that is based mainly on finance, shipping, and trading, offshore banking and tourism. Ship repair and tobacco are also major industries in Gibraltar but there is no agriculture.Gibraltar is located in southwestern Europe along the Strait of Gibraltar (a narrow strip of water connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the M editerranean Sea), the Bay of Gibraltar and the Alboran Sea. It is made up of a limestone outcropping on the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula. The Rock of Gibraltar takes up the majority of the areas land and Gibraltars settlements are built along the narrow coastal lowland bordering it.Gibraltars main settlements are on either the east or west side of the Rock of Gibraltar. The East Side is home to Sandy Bay and Catalan Bay, while the western area is home to Westside, where most of the population lives. In addition, Gibraltar has many military areas and tunneled roads to make getting around the Rock of Gibraltar easier. Gibraltar has very few natural resources and little freshwater. As such, seawater desalination is one way its citizens get their water.Gibraltar has a Mediterranean  climate with mild winters and warm summers. The average July high temperature for the area is 81 F (27 C) and the average January low temperature is 50 F (10 C). Most of Gibraltars precipitation falls during its winter months and the average yearly precipitation is 30.2 inches (767 mm). References British Broadcasting Company. (17 June 2011). BBC News - Gibraltar Profile. Retrieved from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/3851047.stmCentral Intelligence Agency. (25 May 2011). CIA - The World Factbook - Gibraltar. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gi.htmlWikipedia.org. (21 June 2011). Gibraltar - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar

The Positive and Negative Impacts of Technology on Family...

The Positive and Negative Impacts of Technology on Family Life â€Å"Is technology tearing apart family life? Text messaging, social networking, and online video are changing the way parents and children see the world—and each other.† There are many technologies in today’s world that are widely used not just as a want, but as a necessity of life. This term paper will focus on relationship between family life and computer technologies, which have become the most widely used technology in the world due to its variety of functions including SNS, mailing, online face-to-face video chatting, and assignment completing tools. Computer technologies have both positive and negative effects on family life. As more and more families are†¦show more content†¦Even when there is only one computer per family, there is an interruption with family life. If one person is using the computer, then other family members do not want to just wait while the computer is being used, so they will go to a different room and each person will end up using the computers at their own leisure. The use of computer games is another thing that has reduced human contact between family members. Before computers were used in the home, if someone wanted to play a game, they usually had to find at least one other family member to play a board game or card game with them. That forced families to spend more time talking to each other. Now if someone wants to play a game that requires more than one person, they can just go on the computer and either play online against another person, or they can play against the computer. Playing games on the computer makes it easier to be isolated from physical contact with other family members. Now that you don’t have to ask person in your family to play a game, most families don’t spend as much time talking to each other and learning about each other. Another negative cause that computers have on family life is that many people now bring their work home with them instead of leaving it at work the way they used to. People’s work is now invading the privacy of their home. People find that it is easier and more convenient to work at home, soShow MoreRelated â€Å"Is technology tearing apart family life? Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Is technology tearing apart family life? Text messaging, social networking, and online video are changing the way parents and children see the world—and each other.† There are many technologies in today’s ‘smart’ world which are now being established not just as a want, but as a necessity of life. Among many technologies that can impact family life, Smartphones and computers are the two most crucial technologies that can impact family life. 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That is, given a time constraint of 24 hours in a day, time spent in using social media technology is drawn from another activity likeRead MoreImpact of Technology on Social Interaction619 Words   |  3 PagesThe Impact of Technology Have you ever looked around and noticed that most people are not paying attention to what they are doing or whom they are talking too? With technology constantly changing it is becoming a major part of our lives and is having both a positive and negative impact on social interaction amongst people of all ages. Technology has changed dramatically and more and more people are relying on it to on a day to day basis. People, especially children went from going outdoors to

Prevention and Mitigation Analysis free essay sample

The following discussion Is an analysis of issues, prevention, and amalgamation recommendations for future Incidents aiming at fiscal, operational, and administrative problems regarding the Arizona Department of Corrections. Discussing the Arizona Corrections Department Using the SOOT method to find the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in each of the following categories; security, defensive tactics, communications, individual unit response, delivery of tactical and Intelligence/negotiations, resolution of hostages, and Administrative police/budget.Security Investigation into the More Units hostage incident the security measures in elation to the inmates, the yard, kitchen, and tower found issues of policies and procedures not followed through during the departure from their cell and to the kitchen area. The Inmate security discoveries during the investigation include the searching of Inmates leaving the cell but failed to conduct a search when arriving at the kitche n. By not conducting a search on the person could have been the cause of inmates to gain access of weapons from the yard. We will write a custom essay sample on Prevention and Mitigation Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The officers conducted the searches in a quick manner than taking their time to search the inmates the right way. The pat downs should be in detail manner. Also the searches of the same sex were not mandated and rarely conducted. Inmate security recommendations are to conduct detail pat downs from the departure of the cells to the arrival to the kitchen. The cross gender and same sex pat downs should be a requirement and conducted on a regular manner. Every department of corrections should develop a special squad to go around the faculty conducting searches on each inmate.Inmates gathering contraband is a continual problem so to increase the searches and scanning to inmates cells, mall, yard, and person could help reduce the risk of inmates gaining access of lethal weapons. The department should conduct searches with unpredictability, thoroughness, and consistency. Yard security discoveries Include that the Inmates may have hidden the weapons used in the escape under some gravel or other soft material out in the yard while walking to the kitchen. The only recommendation is to remove all gravel or objects that would give inmates the ability to hide weapons in or under. The yard should stay empty at all times.Kitchen security discoveries Include the officers working each shift were not changed and the behavior was the same every day. The officers actions were In a the escape. For the two inmates to have such a violent background should not have been able to work in the kitchen. Also the inmates kitchen duties were taken away weeks before the escape because of the guards hearing about the plan but found no evidence of the plan and was given back kitchen duty. The kitchen area did not have any cameras, the doors were unlocked most of the time, and the procedures of handling the utensils were delivered by hands.Acquiring one officer to guard the inmates in the kitchen gave easy access for the inmates to overpower the officer. Kitchen recommendations are to rotate the officers work shift constantly to make it official for inmates to catch on to a routine. The inmates that have violent backgrounds should have a limit on their work assignments. There should be more than one guard covering the inmates to reduce the chance of inmates overpowering the guards. All doors should remain locked and secure. In handling the kitchen utensils there should be a sliding opening in a locked door so no access to kitchen staff civilians. There should be cameras with audio and video in every room. The procedures in searching the kitchen staff should be constantly and in a detail manner. The Tower security discoveries include several points of entry and no positive identifications of guards. The Tower was also used for storage and medication distribution to the inmates. Using the Tower for medication distribution gave the inmates access to study the layout and functions of the Tower. The tower gave poor observation of the inmates behavior and movements from the housing area to the kitchen area.The Tower gave the guards inadequate ability to gain access to weapons needed to defend themselves against the inmates. Recommendations for security in the Tower include placing cameras, both audio and video, showing all hidden areas so the guards can observe all movements of the inmates. The architecture of the Tower needs a change so there will be only one or two entry ways and for use of the guards to observe inmates instead of using the Tower for medication distribution and storage. So that, way the inmates would not have access of the layout and functions of the Tower.The identification procedures should be in detail maybe consists of fingerprint scanners instead of badges because any inmates can get a hold of a guards badge. In the Tower there should be easy access for armed guards to obtain their weapons to defend themselves from such attacks. The security policies and procedures in the Tower should in practicing instantly. Defensive Tactics The defensive tactics found in the investigation of the incident are that the correctional guards could not defend themselves and using little defensive t actics. Because of the little defensive tactics for the guards to defend themselves against the inmates was a major factor in subduing the guards, escaping, and gaining access to the Tower. The guards use of CO spray was ineffective and impossible to defend themselves against an attack with lethal weapons. The policy of authorizing the usage of lethal force was not updated in Department order 804-behavior of inmate intro. Recommendations for defensive tactics are updating the policy and procedures of authorizing when to use deadly force.The department should improve the defensive tactics and weapons so the guards are better at defending themselves employees. The training should on involve defensive tactics of hand to hand, small defensive tactics, and weapons. Communications The Communications discoveries are that all the cameras throughout the facility are not taken advantage of with the improved technology. Some of the rooms did not have cameras inside to monitor the inmates. Also some hidden areas where the Amerada could not gain access of view gave inmates easy access to areas.The two officers which were taken hostage had little ability to request for assistance and gave false indication of as secure. The communication process of even giving knowledge of the escape were in the inmates advantage because the time between the beginning of the escape and gaining access to the tower was too much time lost. Recommendations for communication should be improving the use of the technology. To take advantage of all the cameras, radios, and phones in the facility. For the department conduct reviews of the benefits of distress capability, encryption, arability of radios, and the dependency of batteries. The department should place improvements of cameras to have audio and video, sensors in place, and having distress signals in place. Individual Unit Response The individual unit response discoveries in the investigation are the unawareness of the situation among the correctional officers. By the officers being unaware of the incident affected the security of the facility and placed harm to officers and employees. The response time to the incident was inappropriately of the guards on duty. No codes to differentiate between the actual incident and the MS simulation.Most of the correctional officers were Just starting out on the Job with little experience and training. Recommendations in the individual response should have codes and procedures to differentiate between an actual crisis and a practice exercise. The training simulations should never be seen by inmates and realistic as possible. All correctional officers should never have to question if the incident is a practice or an actual incident. There should be DOC sergeants on duty being able to identify the deficiencies in training, performance, and operational issues.The sergeants should induct inspections on several posts to make sure the inexperienced officers are following the policies and procedures of searches and observation of inmates to reduce the chances of inmates attempting to escapes by taking advantage of inexperienced guards. There should be daily training classes available for new inexperienced correctional officers. Interagency delivery of tactical and intelligence/ negotiations The delivery of tactical and intelligence/negotiations discoveries in the investigation are that the Department of Corrections do not participate with law enforcement agencies in tactical maneuver training.When local and state law enforcemen t agencies along with the Department of corrections do not participate in the practicing of negotiations and do not have the knowledge about the states correctional facilities intelligence gathering of tactical maneuvers and technologies. Recommendations of the delivering of tactical and intelligence/negotiations are to practicing tactical and intelligence/negotiations scenarios.With the assistance from federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies DOC should analyze the physical structures of events to intelligence gathering and tactical maneuvers by keeping the information onsite and update regularly. Resolution of Hostage The resolution of hostages found that the DOCS policy states there are no negotiations with the takers of hostages but despite policy negotiations were constant for the entire 15 days. The knowledge that the tactic team had opportunities to use lethal force but was told by their superiors not use the lethal force but later refuted by many tactical members.The transfer of the inmates out of the More unit and sent to out of state prison facilities is a common management practice. Recommendations for the resolution of hostages are the updating of the estimations policies and procedures. The neg otiations should not become ongoing for so long. The use of lethal force from the tactical team should be in use when negotiations are no longer in affect. The department of correction should do away with the policy for non-negotiations. The DOC should implement a negotiation policy consistent with state and local law enforcement agencies.Administrative Policy/ Budget The administrative policy/budget discoveries in the investigation are not up to date. The classifications of the inmates were not reliable and last evaluated in the sass. The civilian staff was untrained in many areas in the correctional facility. Placing inexperienced officers was working in high risk areas. Paying of the correctional officers is underpaying, which leads to low morale, high attrition, and family hardships. It was found that most sergeants were paid less than the officers they would supervise.Lack in professionalism during the incident there was evidence of many deficiencies in performance and supervision that was in contribution to the hostage incident. Recommendations include updating the classifications of the inmates; too make sure the violent offenders do not have access to work in sensitive areas. The department should provide levels of programming of drug treatment, education, and mental health treatments. The policies and procedures of protective segregation should consist of an assessment and to request national assistant in the enhancement and replacement of the system.The department needs to place improvement in training the civilian staff in all areas of a correctional facility. There should be a supervisor or experienced officer working with the inexperienced officer f the assignment is to a high risk area or to not have inexperienced officers working in high risk areas. The DOC should analyze their pay scale with a comparison of federal, state, and local correctional facilities in Arizona. The DOC should reinstate longevity pay and merit increases.The department needs to understand that good communication and professionalism is important when operating a correctional facility. SOOT Method The SOOT method is a good tool to use when analyzing the operating of an agency. The More Unit hostage incident gives the Arizona department of corrections he knowledge to learn from the mistakes that led to the incident. By using the SOOT method the department can gain the knowledge of knowing their strengths, officers when aware of the incident did take charge and the incident commander unified structure and communication among state and local law enforcement agencies. The officers and leaders response was quickly and effectively in establishing the conditions that resulted in a successful capture of the two inmates and releasing of the hostages. The weaknesses were that the department did not take advantage of the new technology systems that were available, the officers inducting of the searches of inmates were poorly, inexperience officers were working high risk areas, and inadequate identifications accessing the Tower. The opportunities are to invest in taking advantage on the technology available in regard to cameras, radios, and alarm systems with sensors.The department should conduct training of policies and procedures of searching inmates and defensive tactics. The threats should consist of an analysis of other inmates attempting to escape, riots, and inmates trying to overpower the officers. Prevention and Mitigation The prevention and mitigation consists of improvement in the policies and reoccurred of searching the inmates from departing one area of the facility to arriving at another area. The DOC should imply the searching of inmates to be constant and in detail to reduce the risk of inmates picking up weapons. Improvements in the identification process of correctional officers should use fingerprinting scanners for more protection. Improvements in cameras, radios, defensive tactics, and intelligence gathering will help reduce future attempts of prison escapes. Conclusion The More Unit hostage incident was a terrible incident that placed many changes to correctional officers and facilities. The incident showed the United States how dangerous and challenging the correctional officers must face daily.The two inmates that attempted to escape showed the gaps of security within the facility and the lack of situational awareness. The leaders and officers responded effectively and the establishment of a successful ending to the tragic incident. The lessons learned from the incident resulted in the importance in acquiring the essential qualities in operating a correctional facility. The Department of Corrections cannot guarantee that inmates would not attempt escapes. The correction facilities can learn from this incident and reduce the risk of inmates attempting to escape a correctional facility.